10 Some of these eyewitness accounts come from the ‘Ireland Program: Eyewitness Accounts of the Famine’; Nicholson’s is taken from ‘The Female Gaze: Asenath Nicholson’s Famine Narrative’ by Margaret Kelleher in Fearful Realities, edited by Chris Morash and Richard Hayes; the last in Socialist Review, September 1995.
11 ‘And So Began the Irish Nation’: Nationality, Nationalism and National Conciousness in Pre-Modern Ireland by Brendan Bradshaw.
12 See chapter notes for more information on Cathal Póirtéir’s work Famine Echoes.
13 This and the following material is from Robert Kee’s Ireland: A Television History (1980), Episode Four, BBC in association with Radio Telefis Eireann.
14 Quoted in The Irish Famine: A Documentary History by Noel Kissane.
15 Published anonymously in the Edinburgh Review, Vol. 87, No. 175 (January 1848), titled ‘The Irish Crisis’, but subsequently published by Trevelyan as a book of the same title, later that year.
16 ‘Sir Charles Trevelyan at the Treasury’ by Jennifer Hart, English Historical Review (1960).
17 From opening of ‘Wage, Labour and Capital’, based on lectures Marx had given in December 1847.
18 Das Kapital, Chapter Twenty-five, ‘The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation’, n. 141.
19 From a letter to Sigfrid Meyer and August Vogt, 9 April 1870.
20 Quoted in The Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845–52 by Christine Kinealy.
21§ Ibid.
22 Quoted in All Standing: The Remarkable Story of the Jeanie Johnston, the Legendary Irish Famine Ship by Kathryn Miles.
23 From A Death-Dealing Famine by Christine Kinealy.
24 Quoted in Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789–2006 by Paul Bew.
25 See chapter notes for further thoughts on Trevelyan’s behaviour.
10 Moments of Seismic Shift: 7 December 1970, Warsaw; 2 June 2005, Belgrade; 14 August 2004, Okakarara; 14 July 2016, Berlin
1 The Jews deported to Auschwitz by the Channel Islands authorities, co-operating with the German occupation forces.
2 Both quotations are from The Model Occupation: The Channel Islands Under German Rule, 1940–1945 by Madeleine Bunting.
3 Figures from Britain’s Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya by Harvard historian Caroline Elkins, the fruit of a decade’s research.
4 Both testimonies from the BBC documentary White Terror, first broadcast in 2002.
5 High Court Witness statement, Nzili v. Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 3 November 2010, as available on Leigh Day’s website, www.leighday.co.uk. Many Kenyans are currently pursuing legal actions against the British government for torture inflicted on them during their struggle for independence. The government have already expressed their ‘sincere regret’ for the torture and suffering caused, but have yet to settle all the claims.
6 Information about the screening of this footage taken from reports in Reuters (Beti Bilandzic) and Telegraph (Alex Todorovic), 3 June 2005.
7 Some of the key works include Writing the Irish Famine (1995) and Fearful Realities (1996) by Chris Morash; Cathal Póirtéir’s Famine Echoes (1995), a pioneering gathering together of oral histories of the Famine which was also broadcast in sixteen radio programmes by RTÉ in Ireland; The Memory of Catastrophe by Peter Gray and Kendrick Oliver (2004); and Commemorating the Irish Famine: Memory and the Monument (Reappraisals in Irish History) by Emily Mark-FitzGerald.
8 There had been several important works published by German historians from the 1960s onwards (particularly South-West Africa under German Rule 1894–1914 by Helmut Bley, and Let Us Die Fighting: The Struggle of the Herero and Nama against German Imperialism (1894–1915) by Horst Drechsler), but little had been published outside Germany before the 1990s.
9 Information on these lawsuits comes from Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection.
10 Jephta Nguherimo’s video recording of the first half of Wieczorek-Zeul’s speech (which I have transcribed) can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAuf11chc10.
11 ‘Germany to recognise Herero genocide and apologise to Namibia’ by Justin Huggler, www.telegraph.co.uk, 14 July 2016.
11 Power and the Hurricane
1 For further description of this project see chapter notes
2 Hannah Arendt (2012), with Barbara Sukowa in the title role.
12 The Architect on Trial
1 Albert Speer: The Nazi Who Said Sorry, BBC2, first broadcast on 2 May 1996.
13 Room 519: Into This Darkness
1 Arthur Andersen were one of the largest accountancy and consultancy corporations in the world in the late twentieth century. After being found guilty of fraud and criminal complicity in the auditing of the American energy corporation Enron in 2001, Arthur Andersen was wound up – though its consultancy arm, which split from the main company in 2000, continues to operate as Accenture.
2 As I revised this chapter, the new Italian interior minister, Matteo Salvini, promised to turn ‘words into action’ and begin the process of expelling thousands of Roma from Italy: ‘Far-right Italy minister vows “action” to expel thousands of Roma’, Guardian, 19 June 2018.
3 The Nigerian government had alleged that four people, not five, as David states here, were killed by associates of Saro-Wiwa (this allegation was never supported with any factual evidence).
4 Figures from the Bureau of Investigative Journalism.
5 Report on Civilian Harm and Conflict in Northwest Pakistan by American NGO CIVIC, October 2010.
6 See ‘Judging the Desk Killers’ in Book One, Chapter Thirteen
7 See chapter notes for further reflections on the ethics of Milgram’s experiment and Zimbardo’s ‘Stanford Prison Experiment’.
8 This example is taken from Albert Bandura’s invaluable paper ‘Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities’ in Personality and Social Psychology Review (1999).
14 The Oilman and the Broken Wing
1 World in Action, Granada TV, 13 May 1996.
15 A Painting in The Hague; A Farmhouse in Suffolk; A Stadium in Somalia
1 This term ‘sacrifice zones’ was originally coined in the Soviet Union to denote areas that would be sacrificed in the case of a nuclear war, but more recently it has been used by American environmental writers Steve Lerner and Chris Hedges to describe exploited and environmentally degraded industrial zones.
2 ‘The records of no small town in England, we suppose, have been treated with more patient and scholarly care than Mr Gretton has shown in this book. His work deserves the fair and ample form in type and production which has been given to it by the Oxford University Press.’ (Review in the Spectator, 5 February 1921.)