Special thanks to Adelaida Caro at the National Library of Spain who welcomed me and assisted me with research.
Javier Pagola and the staff at Lhardy made each research visit magical.
I am very grateful to curator Luis Alberto Pérez Velarde and Blanca Pons-Sorolla Ruiz de la Prada at the Sorolla Museum for their continued help, generosity, and patience with my frequent visits.
J. Edgar Williams was consular officer at the U.S. Embassy in Madrid between 1956–1960 and worked with U.S. Ambassador John Lodge. Mr. Williams answered my many questions about foreign relations and shared his memories of Spain during the time period.
Mr. Pierce Allman, former journalist and a lifelong resident of Highland Park in Dallas, shared information that helped me build and understand the character of Daniel Matheson.
Writer and journalist Karen Blumenthal directed and connected me to many resources and toured me around Preston Hollow so I could conceptualize Daniel’s home.
While writing and researching, I returned constantly to reference the invaluable works of Robert Capa, Gerda Taro, Paul Preston, Helen Graham, Adam Hochschild, Neil M. Rosendorf, Ángela Cenarro, Larry Collins, and Dominique Lapierre.
I also thank the following for their generous assistance and inspiration:
Anadir, The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, American Foreign Service Association, The Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory, Mary Ann Campbell, the City of Vallecas, Niki Coffman, Corral de la Moreria, D Magazine, The Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Hilda Farfante, The Foreign Service Journal Archives, The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, Hargrett Rare Book & Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia, The Hockaday School, The Hospitality Industry Archives at the Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel & Restaurant Management at the University of Houston, International Center of Photography, Juan de Isasa, The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library, La Venencia, La Violeta, Lucía Lijtmaer, Low Media, Magnum Photos, Andrew Maraniss, Gerard Solé Martinez, The Meadows Museum at SMU, The National Archives in Washington, D.C., National Geographic, Dr. Ann Neely, The New York Times, the Ordóñez family, Manuel Benítez Pérez, The Prado Museum, Restaurante Botín, The Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center, Sim Smiley, S.O.S. de Bebés Robados, St. Mark’s School of Texas, Steve Norris-Tari, Carol Stoltz, Taberna de Antonio Sánchez, the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library Archives, Dr. Mark E. Young, Patty Young.
The Fountains of Silence was built with bricks from the following books, academic papers, articles, films, and resources:
An American Diplomat in Franco Spain by Michael Aaron Rockland
El año que tú naciste: 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960
Aquel Madrid que se nos fue . . . 1957–1967 by Antonio Alcoba López
The Basque History of the World: The Story of a Nation by Mark Kurlansky
Be My Guest by Conrad Hilton
Big D: Triumphs and Troubles of an American Supercity in the 20th Century by Darwin Payne
The Big Rich: The Rise and Fall of the Greatest Texas Oil Fortunes by Bryan Burrough
Castellana Magazine: Castellana Hilton Hotel Monthly, 1957–1959
Child of Our Time by Michel del Castillo
Colores del toreo by Paco Delgado
Dances and Cooking Specialties of Spain by the American Women’s Club of Madrid
The Dangerous Summer by Ernest Hemingway
Death in the Afternoon by Ernest Hemingway
The Death of Manolete by Barnaby Conrad
Exhuming Loss: Memory, Materiality and Mass Graves of the Spanish Civil War by Layla Renshaw
“Facing up to Franco: Spain 40 Years On” by Tobias Buck, Financial Times
“Families of Spain’s ‘Stolen Babies’ Seek Answers—And Reunions” by Sylvia Poggioli, Morning Edition, NPR, December 14, 2012
For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway
Franco by Paul Preston
“Francoist Crimes: Denial and Invisibility, 1936–2017” by Jorge Marco
“The Francoist Repression in the Catalan Countries” by Conxita Mir y Curcó
Franco Sells Spain to America: Hollywood, Tourism and Public Relations as Postwar Spanish Soft Power by Neal M. Rosendorf
Franco’s Forgotten Children, documentary film directed by Montse Armengou and Ricard Belis, TV3
Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal: An American Interpretation by Paul Blanshard
From Bullfights to Bikinis: Tourism and Spain’s Transition to Modernity Under the Franco Regime by Alexandra Lawrence
Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through Spain and Its Silent Past by Giles Tremlett
Give Me Back My Child!, documentary film directed by Montse Armengou and Ricard Belis, TV3
Guide Museo Sorolla
“Haute Couture, High Fashion in the 50s” by Dr. Mercedes Pasalodos Salgado
Hidden Madrid by Mark Besas and Peter Besas
The Hiltons: The True Story of an American Dynasty by J. Randy Taraborrelli
Iberia by James A. Michener
La inclusa que yo viví: 1945–1990 by Dr. Javier Matos Aguilar
Interrogating Francoism: History and Dictatorship in Twentieth-Century Spain edited by Helen Graham
Lavapiés y el rastro by Carlos Osorio
“LIFE Goes to a Fancy Madrid Hotel Opening, U.S. Guests Launch Hilton’s Latest,” LIFE, August 3, 1953
“Lorca’s Bones: Can Spain Finally Confront Its Civil War Past?” by Jon Lee Anderson, The New Yorker
Madrid a pie de calle: fotografías de Manuel Urech by Miguel Á. Urech Ribera
“Memories of Repression and Resistance: Narratives of Children Institutionalized by Auxilio Social in Postwar Spain” by Ángela Cenarro
The Mexican Suitcase, documentary film directed by Trisha Ziff
Nada by Carmen Laforet
National Geographic Live! photography interview series
Never in Doubt: A History of the Delta Drilling Company by James Presley
New Guide to the Prado Gallery, 1957
Niños robados by María José Esteso Poves
“El niño y los pediatras en la Guerra Civil Española,” Cuadernos de Historia de la Pediatría Española, No. 10
Nos encargamos de todo: Robo y tráfico de niños en España by Francisco González de Tena
Nosotros, los niños de los años 50 by Margarita Gómez Borrás and Lucía Molina Zamora
Of Hearts and Mind: The Hockaday Experience, 1913–1988 edited by Camille R. Kraeplin