economic stagnation . . . Georgia-Pacific warehouse workers: Lawrence Mishel, Elise Gould, and Josh Bivens, “Wage Stagnation in Nine Charts,” Fig. 2: “Workers produced much more, but typical workers’ pay lagged far behind,” Economic Policy Institute, January 6, 2015 (analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of Economic Analysis); “Real Median Family Income in the United States,” data from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEFAINUSA672N.
Hammond and Bucknum were elected: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, Dodge, McKinney, Smith, interviews by author, 2013–17.
Abel Winn closely scrutinized the data he developed: Winn, interviews by author, 2015; Parente and Winn, “Bargaining Behavior.”
Hammond and Bucknum negotiated: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, Dodge, McKinney, Smith, interviews by author, 2013–17; LinkedIn data from LinkedIn website search.
the university dispatched Lynn Feekin: Lynn Feekin, Ron Teninty, Bucknum, Hammond, Franzen, interviews by author, 2017; descriptions of union hall meeting room from notes and photos taken inside the room during a reporting trip, 2017; Joseph A. McCartin, Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike That Changed America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011); Stanley Aronowitz, The Death and Life of American Labor (Brooklyn, NY: Verso, 2014).
The first negotiating meeting was held: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, Ken Harrison, interviews by author, 2017; IBU labor contracts, 1975, 1978, 2000, 2005, 2010; internal IBU memos and negotiation proposals from the 2010 period, including nearly twenty IBU bargaining proposals.
Don Barnard reported . . . to a man named Ken Harrison: Harrison, Hammond, Bucknum, interviews by author, 2017.
Harrison earned degrees . . . career at Georgia-Pacific: Harrison, interview by author, 2017; Pohlman, interview by author, 2013. Pohlman, a former Koch Industries HR executive, confirmed that Koch’s use of a “caucus” room and deep data analysis during labor union negotiations dated back to at least the 1990s.
IBU set up a large stage . . . in downtown Portland: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, McKinney, Harrison, interviews by author, 2017; descriptions of the rally and its attendees are taken from dozens of photos provided by the IBU.
The rally . . . stoked energy: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, McKinney, Harrison, interviews by author, 2017; descriptions of union hall taken from notes and photos during reporting trip, 2017.
Winn put the final touches on his study: Winn, interviews by author, 2013; Parente and Winn, “Bargaining Behavior.”
IBU workers faced outside competition: Trimm, Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, McKinney, interviews by author, 2017.
This is what the IBU would get: Teninty, Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, Smith, Dodge, McKinney, interviews by author, 2017; IBU labor contracts, 2005, 2010, 2014; internal IBU memos and negotiation proposals from the 2010 period, including nearly twenty IBU bargaining proposals.
Franzen . . . ready to encourage his coworkers to go on strike: Hammond, Bucknum, Franzen, Smith, Dodge, McKinney, Alan Cote, Harrison, interviews by author, 2017.
IBU’s struggle was not for nothing: This passage is based on an analysis of IBU labor contracts between 1975 and 2016 conducted by Ron Teninty, who does similar analysis for clients who engage him to help in labor negotiations. He compiles pay and benefit figures from the contracts, adjusts for inflation and other factors, and collates it into a unified spreadsheet for analysis.
Franzen went back to driving a forklift: Franzen, Harrison, interviews by author, 2017.
Charles Koch had been disturbed . . . ascendancy of progressive politics: Former senior political operatives with Koch Industries speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17; Wilson and Wenzl, “Kochs’ Quest.”
CHAPTER 19: WARMING
Charles Koch hosted a private party at his home: This event was described by two former senior political operatives with Koch Industries speaking on background, who attended the annual party; Koch PAC spending figures from the Center for Responsive Politics database.
There was a belief . . . could put the company out of business: Hoffmann, two former senior political operatives with Koch Industries speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17.
Koch was caught unprepared when the US Senate investigated oil theft: Koch lobbying expenditures compiled from Koch Industries quarterly lobbying disclosures, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives; Koch Industries lobbying database, the Center for Responsive Politics.
Even these expenditures . . . Koch’s political machine: Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation, 990 Disclosure Forms from the IRS, 2001–10.
Phillips could have ended up as a Koch Industries employee: Jonathan Phillips (former US Senate senior staffer), Jeffrey Sharp (former congressional staffer), speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017; description of Longworth Building and committee offices taken from notes and photos during reporting trips to the office, 2017.
The Committee on Global Warming . . . one of Nancy Pelosi’s first official acts: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author, 2017; analysis of Congress based on interviews with lobbyists, congressional staffers, political scientists, and previously cited books on politics; John Heilprin, “Pelosi Shaking Up House Fiefdoms to Draft Global Warming Proposal,” Associated Press, January 17, 2007; “Speaker Pelosi Announces Creation of Select Committee on Energy Independence, and Global Warming,” US Fed News, January 18, 2007; Darren Samuelsohn, “Climate: Pelosi to Create Special House Committee for Global Warming,” Environment and Energy Daily, January 17, 2007; Cathy Cash, “Key Lawmakers See Reasons to Push for Vote on Climate Bill in ’08; Will ‘Work It One-on-One,’ ” Electric Utility Week, December 24, 2007; “Pelosi Creating Global Warming Panel; Dingell Shrugs,” National Journal’s Congress Daily, January 17, 2007; Susan Davis, “Dingell Gives Warming Panel Tepid Reception,” Roll Call, January 18, 2007; John Dingell, US House of Representatives, financial disclosure statement for calendar year 2005.
Ed Markey built a team . . . bank heist: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author, 2017.
began to smolder sometime around the year 1800: This account is based on multiple sources about climate change and energy. Two of the most valuable sources were Bill McKibben, ed., The Global Warming Reader (New York: Penguin Books, 2011); and Joseph Romm, Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016). Also Daniel Yergin, The Quest: Energy, Security and the Remaking of the Modern World (New York: Penguin Press, 2011), 426–504.
Carbon is a curiously durable element: Nicola Jones, “How the World Passed a Carbon Threshold and Why It Matters,” Yale Environment 360, January 26, 2017.
When a barrel of crude oil . . . invisible carbon: Jim Bliss, “Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Barrel of Crude,” The Quiet Road (blog), March 20, 2008; Johannes Friedrich and Thomas Damassa, “The History of Carbon Dioxide Emissions,” World Resources Institute online, last modified May 21, 2014; carbon, parts per million in atmosphere, taken from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database.
In 1988 . . . Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Reports available at IPCC online, www.ipcc.ch.
Koch Industries, ExxonMobil, and other firms . . . “alternative” view: Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine (Washington, DC: Greenpeace, March 2010); Connor Gibson, “Koch Industries, Still Fueling Climate Denial,” PolluterWatch.com, last modified May 9, 2011; Seminar Agenda for “Global Environmental Crises: Science or Politics?” June 5–6, 1991, Cato Institute.