Tea Parties . . . national conversation: Maria Brady, interview by author, 2017; Rick Santelli, archival CNBC footage, www.youtube.com/watch?v=zp-Jw-5Kx8k.
Maria and Michael Brady . . . helped form the Boiling Springs Tea Party: Description of Michael Brady’s costume taken from photo of Boiling Springs Tea Party rally.
This time Maria and Michael had help: Archival Americans for Prosperity websites taken from the Internet Archive; Michael Brady’s contact information from AFP South Carolina blog: “July 4th Tea Party Rallies in South Carolina,” July 1, 2009; address and time of Bob Inglis town hall taken from AFP page “Visit Your Representatives and Senators!,” September 1, 2009.
disagreement between Tea Party activists and . . . Charles Koch: Maria Brady, interview by author, 2017; Vanessa Williamson, Theda Skocpol, and John Coggin, “The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism,” Perspectives on Politics, March 2011.
Glenn Beck was the most prominent voice: Nellie Andreeva, “Is Glenn Beck’s Popularity Fading?,” Deadline online, last modified February 2, 2011; Dana Milbank, Tears of a Clown: Glenn Beck and the Tea Bagging of America (New York: Doubleday, 2010); Glenn Beck, “The world is on fire;” from “Glenn Beck: The Antichrist Revealed,” clip, www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpWPfY9hYC8; clips of Beck doubting climate change and criticizing the Obama administration’s renewable-energy programs, www.youtube.com/watch?v=xquohKzR8QI; www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJwmi9IqUyg; www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKlfXtqnG_w; www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4HdyRovA1o.
Americans for Prosperity helped promote this point of view: Phil Kerpen, guest appearance on Glenn Beck, www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJpPktn4f0M.
Beck’s show informed Maria Brady’s self-education: Maria Brady, interview by author, 2017.
When Bob Inglis . . . Brady and her compatriots were prepared: Inglis, Maria Brady, interviews by author, 2017; exchange about Glenn Beck from “Crazy Teabaggers & Retirees Boo Rep. Bob Inglis (R-SC) for Suggesting They ‘Turn Glenn Beck Off,’ ” video, 1:15, uploaded to YouTube by chinacreekpj on August 8, 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPbs0ozEVBc.
Koch Industries’ activities . . . one piece of a broader strategy: Lonegan, Hoffmann, former senior Koch Industries political operative speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017.
Republican lawmakers who voted for the Waxman-Markey bill: Lonegan, interviews by author, 2017; Jim Lockwood, “N.J. Activists Protest Against ‘Cap-and-Trade’ Law Aimed at Fighting Global Warming,” Star-Ledger (NJ), July 20, 2010; Paul Mulshine, “Here’s the Lonegan Letter,” Star-Ledger (NJ), July 13, 2009; Matt Friedman, “Von Savage Calls Shaftan ‘Reckless’: Lonegan Backs Primary Challenges to Three Congressmen,” New York Observer, June 30, 2009; Derek Harper, “Energy Vote Has the Right Angry with LoBiondo: Republican Voted for Cap-and-Trade Bill,” Press of Atlantic City (NJ), July 3, 2009.
Harry Reid . . . manipulating the political process: Phillips, speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017; quotes and descriptions of US Senate hearings taken from archival C-Span footage; Ryan Lizza, “As the World Burns,” New Yorker, October 11, 2010; “Democrats Feel the Heat from the Heartland, Push Back Timeline on Global Warming Legislation,” Congressional Documents and Publications, Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, July 9, 2009; Darren Samuelsohn, “Boxer, Baucus Headed for Turf War over Cap-and-Trade Bill,” Environment & Energy Daily, August 7, 2009; “Hunt for Health Compromise Continues as Deadline Looms,” National Journal’s Congress Daily, July 20, 2009, accessed 2018; Josef Hebert and Dina Cappiello, “Senate Climate Bill Tougher Than House Version,” Associated Press, September 29, 2009; “Boxer Readies Carbon Bill Amid Competitive Issues,” Electric Power Daily, July 17, 2009; Darren Samuelsohn, “Dems Want Global Warming Law by December,” Environment & Energy Daily, July 9, 2009; “Senate Democrats Further Delay Climate Bill,” Clean Air Report, September 3, 2009.
The strategy originated . . . Koch had been building for almost forty years: Two former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17; Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine.
In 2007, for example, Koch Industries quietly funded . . . Third Way: This account is based on two sources with direct knowledge of the transaction between Koch Industries and Third Way, speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017. The sources spoke independently and represented both sides of the transaction. A third source, a former Koch political operative who was not directly involved with the transaction, confirmed the broad outlines of the incident. Also Anne Kim, John Lageson, and Jim Kessler, “Why Lou Dobbs Is Winning,” Third Way report, November 2007.
To produce the report . . . American Council for Capital Formation: This account is based on one source with direct knowledge of the matter, speaking on background, interview by author, 2017.
Koch network had funded . . . Claude Lambe Charitable Foundation: Claude Lambe Charitable Foundation, 990 Disclosure Forms with the IRS, 2006–10; Analysis of the Waxman-Markey Bill “The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009,” a report by the American Council for Capital Formation and the National Association of Manufacturers.
The study was announced: Erin Streeter, “State-by-State Analysis of Waxman-Markey Cap and Trade Legislation Paints Dour Picture for Nation’s Economy: NAM-ACCF Study Concludes Bill Will Cost 2.4 Million Jobs,” press release, National Association of Manufacturers, December 3, 2009.
Once the ACCF’s study was published . . . echo chamber system: Source with direct knowledge of the matter speaking on background, interview by author, 2017; “The ACCF/NAM Estimate of Waxman-Markey,” statement on the Institute for Energy Research website, August 13, 2009; Lee Fang, “Charles Koch Personally Founded Group Protecting Oil Industry Hand-Outs, Documents Reveal,” Republic Report, August 29, 2014.
After the study . . . another Koch Industries–affiliated think tank: Source with direct knowledge of the matter speaking on background, interview by author, 2017; Thomas Pyle, Lobbying Disclosure Reports, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives; American Energy Alliance, “Fact Sheet: AEA Radio Ad ‘Waxman-Markey Energy Tax’ ”; American Energy Alliance, “Fact Sheet: AEA TV Ad ‘Turned Off.’ ”
“It’s pretty clear the costs outweigh the benefits”: Margo Thorning, testimony to US Senate Finance Committee, “Climate Change and Jobs,” November 10, 2010, archival footage from C-Span.
Inside Koch Industries . . . a tremendous victory: Source with knowledge of reaction inside Koch Industries speaking on background, interview by author, 2017.
Koch Industries wasn’t the only company to use these tactics: Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine.
The efforts to undermine popular support . . . were effective: Dina Cappiello, “Poll: Americans’ Belief in Global Warming Cools,” Associated Press, October 22, 2009.