ExxonMobil eventually abandoned this strategy, but Koch Industries persevered: Ellender, interviews by author, 2014–17; Steve Coll, Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power (New York: Penguin Press, 2012), 534–56.
Koch Industries officials were even more dismissive: Former senior Koch Industries executive speaking on background, Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2017.
This is what lent the sense of desperation: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author, 2017.
Markey’s committee realized . . . a more provocative step: Ibid.; “Rep. Markey Announces Revolutionary Global Warming Bill,” press release, May 28, 2008; “Rep. Edward J. Markey Delivers Remarks on Global Warming Legislation at the Center for American Progress,” press release, May 28, 2008; “Rep. Markey: G8 Global Warming ‘Goal’ Doesn’t Reach the Goal Line,” press release, July 8, 2008; information on George H. W. Bush and cap-and-trade law for acid rain, Yergin, The Quest, 476–79.
Koch Industries’ lobbying office . . . majestic stone building: Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2016–17; descriptions of Koch Industries’ lobbying office from notes taken during tour of office and interview of Ellender in its conference room, 2014.
Koch’s lobbying efforts had been fragmented: Former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17; Koch Industries and related companies Lobbying Disclosure Reports, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives, 2005–10.
Hoffmann led an internal committee at Koch: Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2016–17.
Koch’s team of lobbyists gathered: Ellender, Hoffmann, Kelly Bingel, former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17; descriptions of meeting room taken from notes, 2014.
For all the talk about ideological purity, Ellender’s operation reflected a more complicated reality: Ellender, Hoffmann, Bingel (speaking on background), Phillips, Sharp, Lee Drutman, interviews by author, 2013–17; Drutman, The Business of America Is Lobbying: How Corporations Became Politicized and Politics Became More Corporate (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015) 4–40; Koch lobbying expenditures drawn from Koch Companies Public Sector Lobbying Disclosure Reports, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives; Koch lobbyist database, Center for Responsive Politics.
Ellender’s team was small, considering the size of their job: Koch Industries and related companies Lobbying Disclosure Reports, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives, 2005–10; Koch Lobbyist database, Center for Responsive Politics.
One of the lobbyists . . . Kelly Bingel: Bingel, Alex Vogel (former senior Koch Industries political operative speaking on background), interviews by author, 2016–17; Koch Industries expenditures to Mehlman Vogel Castagnetti drawn from Koch Companies Public Sector Lobbying Disclosure Reports, Office of the Clerk, US House of Representatives; Koch lobbyist database, Center for Responsive Politics.
There were two ways . . . attention of a politician: Bingel, former congressional staffers speaking on background, two former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2015–17.
David Hoffmann worked for months: Hoffmann, interviews by author, 2016–17.
The meeting convened: Ibid.; chart on “carbon allotments” under Waxman-Markey entitled “Allocation of Cumulative Pollution Allowances in ACES Cap and Trade Program 2012–2025,” produced by the Breakthrough Institute, 2009.
the carbon allotment provision . . . was written by Jonathan Phillips: Phillips, interviews by author, 2017.
the long-held liberal dream . . . starting to look like a reality: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author, 2017; John M. Broder, “Waxman Advances in Struggle to Wrest Committee from Dingell,” New York Times, November 19, 2008; John M. Broder, “Obama Urges Passage of Climate Bill,” New York Times, June 23, 2009; Teryn Norris and Jesse Jenkins, “Climate Bill Analysis, Part 1: Waxman-Markey Gives Nearly 5 Times More to Polluters Than to Clean Energy,” Breakthrough Institute, May 15, 2009; John M. Broder, “House Republicans Draft Energy Bill with Heavy Focus on Nuclear Power,” New York Times, June 10, 2009.
The committee invited conservative Democrats to negotiate: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author, 2017; Norris and Jenkins, “Climate Bill Analysis, Part 1.”
His view was not shared by Koch Industries’ lobbyists: Hoffmann, two former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2014–17.
Inglis was a reliably conservative Republican: Bob Inglis, former senior Koch Industries political operative, interviews by author, 2017; Louise Radnofsky and Michael M. Phillips, “As US Political Divide Widened, a Friendship Fell into the Rift,” Wall Street Journal, November 9, 2010; “Raise Wages, Cut Carbon Act of 2009,” text of bill H.R. 2380.
Inglis was closely aligned with Koch Industries: Inglis, speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017; Koch Industries expenditures to Inglis drawn from Koch Industries campaign finance database, Center for Responsive Politics.
The pressure intensified . . . Waxman-Markey bill was passed: Inglis, Phillips, interviews by author, 2017.
Inglis raised cash . . . office on Capitol Hill: Inglis, interviews by author, 2017.
Jonathan Phillips stood in the gallery: John M. Broder, “House Backs Bill, 219–212, to Curb Global Warming,” New York Times, June 27, 2009; vote tally details from “H.R. 2454 (111th): American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009,” GovTrack.us; Ed Markey and Mike Pence comments during vote taken from C-Span archival footage.
Koch held meetings in the company boardroom: Former senior Koch Industries political operative speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017.
Phillips and the other members of the Global Warming Committee: Phillips, Sharp, interviews by author; quotes from Mike Castle town hall event taken from “Mike Castle Confronts Right Wing Hatred,” video, 5:33, uploaded to YouTube by climatebrad on July 21, 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbQKry5Z_ok.
CHAPTER 20: HOTTER
Inglis was standing in an auditorium: Inglis, interview by author, 2017; footage of Inglis town halls taken from “US Congressman Bob Inglis Questioned at Tea Party,” video, 9:50, uploaded to YouTube by ElectionFastFacts on April 25, 2010, www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_OHCGnZZAo; and “Healthcare Bill to Put Embedded Chips in Everyone?,” video, 2:24, uploaded to YouTube by Jonathon Hill on August 25, 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ots4zUQZg8.
heated protests . . . Fourth of July weekend of 2009: Steve Lonegan, former senior Koch Industries political operatives speaking on background, interviews by author, 2017; footage of Fourth of July Americans for Prosperity rally taken from “Taxpayer Tea Parties Sponsored by Americans for Prosperity New Jersey,” video, 4:09, uploaded to YouTube by trinnj on July 6, 2009, www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSM2rD0alMo; Americans for Prosperity financial details and state chapter listings taken from Americans for Prosperity, 990 Disclosure Forms with the IRS, 2003–10.
Bob Inglis’s congressional district . . . Boiling Springs: Maria Brady, Inglis, interviews by author, 2017.