Charles and his wife . . . in their children: Chase Koch, Hall, interviews by author, 2018; “Charles Koch: On Parenthood,” Koch Industries video, June 15, 2017.
Things weren’t as easy for Elizabeth: Elizabeth Koch, “The World Tour Compatibility Test: Back in Tokyo, Part 1,” Smith Memoirville, March 30, 2007; “The World Tour Compatibility Test: Back in Tokyo, Part 2,” Smith Memoirville, April 17, 2007; “The World Tour Compatibility Test: Back in Tokyo, Grand Finale,” Smith Memoirville, May 3, 2007.
Every year . . . sent out as a Christmas card to Koch Industries employees: Charles and Liz Koch family Christmas card, undated. Inscription reads: “My family joins me in wishing you all the joys of the holiday season throughout the year.” Signed by Charles Koch; Elizabeth Koch, “World Tour Compatibility Test, Grand Finale.”
Spending time . . . Chase Koch’s life: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
By the time he was in middle school . . . difficult to sustain: Ibid.
“Aristotle taught . . . use your natural ability”: Note from Charles Koch to Chase Koch, undated.
Chase enrolled . . . Wichita Collegiate School: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018. Descriptions of Wichita Collegiate School based on notes from reporting trips at the school, 2013, 2018.
The tennis courts . . . Dave Hawley: David Hawley, interview by author, 2018; “Junior Championships, Results,” Associated Press, March 25, 1991; Taylor Eldridge, “Boys Tennis: Collegiate’s Dave Hawley Wins His 50th Tennis State Championship,” Wichita Eagle, May 13, 2017.
Chase Koch’s style of play . . . two primary strengths: Hawley, interview by author, 2018.
Chase Koch could never beat Matt Wright: Ibid.; “Boys State Tennis Champions,” Kansas State High School Activities Association Championship History, 2018.
On the evening of Saturday, September 18, 1993: Robert Short, “Teenage Driver Ran Red Light, Police Say,” Wichita Eagle, September 21, 1993.
That evening, a woman named Nola Foulston: Bill Hirschman, “Special Prosecutor Enters Koch Case,” Wichita Eagle, November 2, 1993.
Zachary Seibert was out for a jog: Walter Seibert, interview by author, 2018; Short, “Teenage Driver Ran Red Light”; Jennifer Comes Roy, “Loss of 12-Year-Old Zac Pains Family, Classmates,” Wichita Eagle, September 21, 1993.
Zachary Seibert . . . HCA Wesley Medical Center: Seibert, interview by author, 2018; Short, “Teenage Driver Ran Red Light”; Bill Hirschman, “Chase Koch Charged in Fatal Auto Accident,” Wichita Eagle, November 4, 1993.
Charles Koch . . . one of the city’s economic engines: Short, “Teenage Driver Ran Red Light.”
Charles and Liz . . . Zac’s parents in their home: Seibert, interview by author, 2018.
Charles, Liz, and Chase Koch attended Zachary Seibert’s funeral: Seibert, interview by author, 2018; Boulton, “Koch and His Empire.”
Nola Foulston recused herself . . . in the case: Hirschman, “Chase Koch Charged”; Hirschman, “Special Prosecutor Enters.”
Walter Seibert said . . . justice had been served: Seibert, interview by author, 2018.
Chase Koch would never be able to escape what he had done: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
During the second half . . . found his place on the tennis court: Chase Koch, Hawley, interviews by author, 2018.
After Chase Koch’s senior year . . . Koch Industries’ oil refinery: O’Neill, interview by author, 2016.
Fred Koch went to MIT: Schulman, Sons of Wichita, 50–57.
Chase majored in marketing: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
In 2003 . . . with his family: Chase Koch, Leslie Rudd, interviews by author, 2018.
Chase Koch began a rotation . . . Koch Industries’ modern business: Chase Koch, Hall, interviews by author, 2013–18.
Chase’s first assignments was to Koch’s development group: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
The first principle . . . state-sanctioned theft: Murray N. Rothbard, “Toward a Strategy for Libertarian Social Change,” memo obtained by author, April 1977, 13.
These two competing ideas: Three sources speaking on background; Alexandria Robins and Michele Surka, Picking up the Tab 2016: Small Businesses Bear the Burden for Offshore Tax Havens (Boston: MASSPIRG Education Fund, November 2016); Will Fitzgibbon and Dean Starkman, “The ‘Paradise Papers’ and the Long Twilight Struggle Against Offshore Secrecy,” International Consortium of Investigative Journalists online, last modified December 27, 2017, www.icij.org/investigations/paradise-papers; “The Panama Papers: Exposing the Rogue Offshore Finance Industry,” International Consortium of Investigative Journalists online, last modified April 3, 2016, www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers.
Charles Koch . . . is listed as an employee or director: Nexis database, business entities.
Koch Industries, like many US companies: Two sources speaking on background; Grand Cayman business registries; Floyd Norris, “The Islands Treasured by Offshore Tax Avoiders,” New York Times, June 5, 2014; Laura Davison, “Corporate America Flees Zero-Tax Caribbean Havens After Crackdown,” Bloomberg News, November 15, 2018; Steve Lohr, “Where the Money Washes Up,” New York Times Magazine, March 29, 1992.
Koch Industries had a surprisingly diverse: American Bridge report, “How the Kochs Avoid Paying Their Fair Share,” 2016.
The ways in which Koch could employ: Alison Fitzgerald Kodjak and Marina Walker Guevara, “Latest ‘Lux Leaks’ files obtained by ICIJ disclose secret tax structures sought by ‘Big 4’ accounting giants for brand name international companies,” Center for Public Integrity, December 9, 2014; Alison Fitzgerald, Marina Walker Guevara, and Colm Keena, “Koch Industries Implicated in Luxembourg Leaks,” Irish Times, December 10, 2014.
When Chase Koch . . . gripped a tennis racket: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
Chase got a view . . . most traders never got to see: Chase Koch, Hall, interviews by author, 2013–18.
a job opened up in Koch Fertilizer: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018.
Chase grinded it out . . . in an up-close and granular way: Chase Koch, Osbourn, interviews by author, 2016–18.
Elizabeth, followed in the footsteps of her uncle Freddie: Elizabeth Koch’s lack of participation in the business was confirmed by several current and former Koch Industries employees. It was also confirmed by what they didn’t say: during five years and dozens of interviews about different divisions of the business, no one mentioned Elizabeth’s participation in any business venture. She was brought up only in reference to the family, and one source mentioned her involvement with the family’s foundation. Also, Jennifer Maloney, “A Literary Koch Launches New Publishing House,” Wall Street Journal, September 10, 2015.
Elizabeth’s contact with Charles Koch was both limited and strained: Elizabeth Koch, “You Don’t Say,” Guernica, February 24, 2008.
Chase Koch got a promotion: Chase Koch, interview by author, 2018; Kathy Huting, “Taking Nitrogen Technology to the Next Level,” Farm Industry News, October 7, 2013; “Precision Agriculture,” Discovery: The Quarterly Newsletter of Koch Companies, October 2011; Gary DiGiuseppe, “Snake Oil or Silver Bullet,” Cattleman, February 1, 2013.